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The messaging protocol of the web, HTTP, is decidedly string-centric. Query-string and form values in Web Forms and even classic ASP applications were represented as loosely typed key-value string dictionaries. But with the simplicity of controllers and actions came the ability to treat requests as method calls, and to post variables as parameters to a method. To keep the dictionary abstractions at bay, we need a mechanism to translate string-based input into strongly typed objects. In this chapter, we ll examine the abstractions ASP.NET MVC uses to translate request variables into action parameters and the extension points that allow you to add your own translation logic.

The image file is broken in some way. Not enough memory is available to store the image. A bad option was passed. This error can occur while saving an image. The function is unable to detect the image type. This function is unable to perform the operation on the specified image. This is the generic failure code for all other errors.

Note that MiniPasswordManager issues a warning because it could not load the pwdfile, as it does not exist yet. However, after choosing a password for hector, the pwdfile is created, and its contents can be listed: $ cat pwdfile hector:laX1pk2KoZy1ze64gUD6rc/pqMuAVmWcKbgdQLL0d7w=:1466 We can also create another authorized user by running the MiniPasswordManager a second time: $ java com.learnsecurity.MiniPasswordManager pwdfile dan Enter new password for dan: cryptguru The MiniPasswordManager does not complain about not being able to load the password file since it exists this time. We can once again list the file to see the entries created for both of our fictitious users: $ cat pwdfile dan:O70FKijze89PDJtQHM8muKC+aXbUJIM/j8T4viT62rM=:3831 hector:laX1pk2KoZy1ze64gUD6rc/pqMuAVmWcKbgdQLL0d7w=:1466 We now briefly review how HTTP authorization works prior to presenting the BasicAuthWebServer code that incorporates our MiniPasswordManager. When a client connects to our web server and makes an HTTP request such as GET /index.html HTTP/1.0 our web server will respond that the client needs to prove that it is authorized to access index.html: HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="BasicAuthWebServer" The client then resends its request with an authorization HTTP header that contains a base64-encoded username and password: GET /index.html HTTP/1.0 Authorization: Basic aGVjdG9yOmxvdHNhZGlzZXJ0cw== The string aGVjdG9yOmxvdHNhZGlzZXJ0cw== is the base64-encoded hector:lotsadiserts username/password combination. Note that in basic HTTP authorization, the username and password is only encoded it is not encrypted. An eavesdropping attacker, such as Eve, will be able to sniff the password off the wire. To remedy this, HTTP digest authorization and/or SSL can be used. However, our main aim here is to show MiniPasswordManager in action on the server side. So, without further ado, the server-side code that authenticates the client using HTTP basic authorization is shown here: //...some code excluded... public class BasicAuthWebServer { //... some code excluded...

The default model binder in ASP.NET MVC is useful out of the box. It does a great job of taking request and form input and hydrating fairly complex models from them. It supports complex types, lists, arrays, dictionaries, even validation. But a custom binder can also remove another common form of duplication loading an object from the database based on an action parameter. Most of the time, this action parameter is the primary key of the object or another unique identifier, so instead of putting this repeated data access code in all our actions, we can use a custom model binder that can load the stored object before the action is executed. Our action can then take the persisted object type as a parameter instead of the unique identifier. By default, the MVC model binder extensibility allows for registering a model binder by specifying the model type for which the binder should be used, but in an application with dozens of entities, it s easy to forget to register the custom model binder for every type. Ideally, we could register the custom model binder just once for a common base type, or leave it up to each custom binder to decide whether it should bind. To accomplish this, we need to replace the default model binder with our own implementation. Additionally, we can define an interface, IFilteredModelBinder, for our new binders, as shown in listing 14.1.

G_FILE_ERROR_EXIST G_FILE_ERROR_ISDIR G_FILE_ERROR_ACCESS G_FILE_ERROR_NAMETOOLONG G_FILE_ERROR_NOENT G_FILE_ERROR_NOTDIR

public interface IFilteredModelBinder : IModelBinder { bool IsMatch(Type modelType); }

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